Research Group Prof. Dr. Florian Greten
Therapeutic interventions in the tumor microenvironment
The notion that chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with an elevated risk of tumorigenesis and Rudolf Virchow’s findings in the late 19th century when he described the high frequency of leucocytes in tumor areas led the basis for genetic studies specifically examining the links between inflammation and cancer that had initially been proposed more than two thousand years ago. Only during the last decade yet with a steadily increasing pace in the most recent years, clear evidence has been gathered about the underlying molecular mechanisms that could prove the existence of such connection. Thus, by now the link between inflammation and cancer is undisputedly accepted and it has become evident that an inflammatory microenvironment is an essential component of basically all tumors including those for which a direct causal relationship to chronic inflammation has not been proven yet.
The tumor microenvironment is comprised of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells as well as cells of the innate (macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells and NK cells) and adaptive immune system (T and B cells). These cells communicate and act in an autocrine and paracrine manner on each other, which keeps the cytokine milieu in a finely tuned balance. It is the expression of various immune mediators as well as the abundance of certain cell types in the tumor microenvironment that decides in whether tumor-mediated immunosuppression promoting tumor growth or whether anti-tumor immunity leading to tumor cell elimination prevails.
Our research intends to dissect the cellular and molecular changes in the tumor microenvironment that support gastrointestinal tumor growth. Using conditional knockout technology we functionally examine key signal transduction pathways in various cell types of the tumor microenvironment.
We are using well characterized autochthonous tumor models to (i) focus on the molecular pathogenesis, (ii) the establishment and further development of imaging modalities to improve diagnostic capacity and (iii) to evaluate pre-clinical therapeutic studies using novel compounds as well novel combinations of already clinically approved compounds. Finally, we aim to translate our basic research into clinical applications in close collaboration with our clinical partners at the University Hospital.
Team

Lucie Maerky
Doctoral Researcher
Colorectal Cancer Organoid-Stroma Biobank Allows Subtype-Specific Assessment of Individualized Therapy Responses.
Farin HF, Mosa MH, Ndreshkjana B, Grebbin BM, Ritter B, Menche C, Kennel KB, Ziegler PK, Szabó L, Bollrath J, Rieder D, Michels BE, Kress A, Bozlar M, Darvishi T, Stier S, Kur IM, Bankov K, Kesselring R, Fichtner-Feigl S, BrüneB, Goetze TO, Al-Batran SE, Brandts CH, Bechstein WO, Wild PJ, Weigert A, Müller S, Knapp S, Trajanoski Z, GretenFR.
Cancer Discov. 2023 Oct 5;13(10):2192-2211. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-0050. PMID: 37489084
Colon tumour cell death causes mTOR dependence by paracrine P2X4 stimulation.
Schmitt M, Ceteci F, Gupta J, PesicM, Böttger TW, Nicolas AM, Kennel KB, Engel E, Schewe M, Callak Kirisözü A, Petrocelli V, Dabiri Y, Varga J, Ramakrishnan M, Karimova M, Ablasser A, Sato T, Arkan MC, de Sauvage FJ, Greten FR.
Nature. 2022 Dec;612(7939):347-353. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05426-1. Epub 2022 Nov 16. PMID: 36385525
Expansion of T memory stem cells with superior anti-tumor immunity by Urolithin A-induced mitophagy.
Denk D, Petrocelli V, Conche C, Drachsler M, Ziegler PK, Braun A, Kress A, Nicolas AM, Mohs K, Becker C, Neurath MF, FarinHF, Buchholz CJ, Andreux PA, Rinsch C, Greten FR.
Immunity. 2022 Nov 8;55(11):2059-2073.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.014. Epub 2022 Oct 19. PMID: 36351375
Inflammatory fibroblasts mediate resistance to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer.
Nicolas AM, Pesic M, Engel E, Ziegler PK, Diefenhardt M, Kennel KB, Buettner F, Conche C, Petrocelli V, Elwakeel E, Weigert A, Zinoveva A, Fleischmann M, Häupl B, Karakütük C, Bohnenberger H, Mosa MH, Kaderali L, Gaedcke J, Ghadimi M, Rödel F, ArkanMC, Oellerich T, Rödel C, Fokas E, Greten FR.
Cancer Cell. 2022 Feb 14;40(2):168-184.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.004. Epub 2022 Feb 3. PMID: 35120600
More Publications
Author Correction: Effect of the mitophagy inducer urolithin A on age-related immune decline: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Nat Aging. 2026 Jan 5. doi: 10.1038/s43587-025-01060-4. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41491872 | DOI:10.1038/s43587-025-01060-4
Effect of the mitophagy inducer urolithin A on age-related immune decline: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Nat Aging. 2025 Nov;5(11):2309-2322. doi: 10.1038/s43587-025-00996-x. Epub 2025 Oct 31.
ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion contribute to…
Current and emerging concepts for systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Gut. 2025 Nov 10;74(12):2070-2095. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2025-335412.
ABSTRACT
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant cancers and its incidence is…
The immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer
Nat Rev Cancer. 2025 Dec;25(12):945-964. doi: 10.1038/s41568-025-00872-1. Epub 2025 Sep 22.
ABSTRACT
Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression depends on the close interaction…
Large vesicles from ageing neutrophils: novel safeguards for the resolution of inflammation
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 May 19;10(1):162. doi: 10.1038/s41392-025-02244-5.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:40383810 | PMC:PMC12086208 | DOI:10.1038/s41392-025-02244-5
IL-17RA signaling provides dual tumor-suppressor function during late-stage colorectal carcinogenesis
Immunity. 2025 Mar 11;58(3):701-715.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2025.02.005. Epub 2025 Feb 28.
ABSTRACT
Expression of interleukin (IL)-17 family cytokines is associated…
Adiponectin reduces immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammation without blocking anti-tumor immunity
Cancer Cell. 2025 Feb 10;43(2):269-291.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.01.004.
ABSTRACT
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients receiving immune…
Gut microbial carcinogen metabolism: another avenue to cancer
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Oct 28;9(1):297. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-02015-8.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:39468009 | PMC:PMC11519342 | DOI:10.1038/s41392-024-02015-8
T-cell specific in vivo gene delivery with DART-AAVs targeted to CD8
Mol Ther. 2024 Oct 2;32(10):3470-3484. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.08.002. Epub 2024 Aug 8.
ABSTRACT
One of the biggest challenges for in vivo gene therapy are vectors…
ZEB1-mediated fibroblast polarization controls inflammation and sensitivity to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer
EMBO Rep. 2024 Aug;25(8):3406-3431. doi: 10.1038/s44319-024-00186-7. Epub 2024 Jun 27.
ABSTRACT
The EMT-transcription factor ZEB1 is heterogeneously expressed in tumor…
Future direction of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Jun;21(6):444-455. doi: 10.1038/s41575-024-00900-9. Epub 2024 Mar 14.
ABSTRACT
Despite therapeutic advancements, disease-free…
A guideline on the molecular ecosystem regulating ferroptosis
Nat Cell Biol. 2024 Sep;26(9):1447-1457. doi: 10.1038/s41556-024-01360-8. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
ABSTRACT
Ferroptosis, an intricately regulated form of cell death…
Single-cell deconvolution reveals high lineage- and location-dependent heterogeneity in mesenchymal multivisceral stage 4 colorectal cancer
J Clin Invest. 2023 Dec 28;134(5):e169576. doi: 10.1172/JCI169576.
ABSTRACT
Metastasized colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a poor prognosis and rapid disease…
Functional and spatial proteomics profiling reveals intra- and intercellular signaling crosstalk in colorectal cancer
iScience. 2023 Nov 4;26(12):108399. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108399. eCollection 2023 Dec 15.
ABSTRACT
Precision oncology approaches for patients with colorectal cancer…
Colorectal Cancer Organoid-Stroma Biobank Allows Subtype-Specific Assessment of Individualized Therapy Responses
Cancer Discov. 2023 Oct 5;13(10):2192-2211. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-0050.
ABSTRACT
In colorectal cancers, the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in prognosis…



























